Kamensky, Jane. Lang, Amy Schrager. Berkeley: University of California Press, LaPlante, Eve. San Francisco: Harper, Pagnattaro, Marisa Anne. New York; Oxford: Peter Lang, Westerkamp, Marilyn J. London: Routledge, Winship, Michael P. Princeton: Princeton University Press, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, Winthrop, John.
Judy Chicago American, b. The Dinner Party Anne Hutchinson place setting , — She believed that heaven was attainable to anyone who worshipped god directly, through a personal connection.
Anne also preached that behavior, and therefore sin, did not affect whether someone went to heaven. These beliefs were in direct violation of Puritan doctrine. Anne expanded on her ideas in sermons and people flocked to listen to her, including men. By , Anne was holding two meetings a week with as many as 80 people at each meeting, including Henry Vane, the governor of Massachusetts.
Those who rose up in opposition to her were the re-elected Governor John Winthrop and John Cotton, who feared Anne was becoming a church separatist. Both sent female spies to her sermons. Cotton gathered with other colony clergy to pass resolutions designed to end religious dissidence.
In , Anne—several months into a pregnancy—was called to appear before the General Court, with Winthrop presiding and Cotton testifying against her. A debate over the next two days saw Anne performing well before the group of men when challenged on Biblical prowess, but her final argument sealed her fate. It was a lengthy statement of her philosophy and history, an account of speaking directly with God that concluded with a prophecy of the ruin of the court and the colony in retribution for their persecution of Anne.
The men saw this as a challenge to their authority. Anne was proclaimed a heretic. She and her family were banished from the colony and any supporters in positions of authority were removed. All supporters were forced to surrender arms. Anne remained under house arrest until winter ended. In March the Hutchinson family, along with 30 other families, left for the island of Aquidneck in the Rhode Island territory at the suggestion of Roger Williams , where they founded Portsmouth.
After her pregnancy ended in June with the stillbirth of a severely deformed baby, rumors were spread that Anne had given birth to a demon, spurred on by Winthrop. Cotton preached that the stillbirth was her punishment from God. Post a Comment. If you happen to be driving up the Hutchinson River Parkway tomorrow, you might pause a moment to think about the road's namesake, religious dissenter Anne Hutchinson, who was killed on August 20, , somewhere in the vicinity of Split Rock, where the parkway meets the New England Thruway.
Anne Hutchinson, born in England in , came to Massachusetts in with her husband, William. A "woman of ready wit and bold spirit" as John Winthrop called her , Hutchinson's religious views soon ran afoul of the Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Among other things, she promoted the role of women in the church--a challenge to the male-oriented orthodoxy of Puritan religion--as well as deviating from their teachings. Most importantly, she challenged the Puritan establishment over the age-old conflict of grace vs. The assertion sealed her fate. In March, , Hutchinson was excommunicated and banished from the colony. There, she and her family — with the exception of one daughter — were killed in an Indian massacre.
Initially, historians thought the attack was in response to whites taking Indian lands, however, some historians also speculate that it may have been provoked by Puritans. Today a river and a highway in that area bear the Hutchinson name. MLA - Michals, Debra. Natonal Women's History Museum, Date accessed. Chicago- Michals, Debra.
Anne Hutchinson at the Court of Newton. Anne Marbury Hutchinson. Ditmore, Michael G. William and Mary Quarterly 57 2 : — Hall, Timothy.
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